8ª Videoconferência Umburanas - BA Parte 02

Intercâmbio virtual entre agricultoresdo
semi-árido da Bahia e da Índia
8ª Videoconferência Umburanas - BA
Data: 07/08/2009
Tema: Sistemas Integrado de Produção

8ª Videoconferência Umburanas - BA Parte 01

Intercâmbio virtual entre agricultoresdo
semi-árido da Bahia e da Índia
8ª Videoconferência Umburanas - BA
Data: 07/08/2009
Tema: Sistemas Integrado de Produção

7ª Videoconferencia de Cafarnaum - BA - Parte 01

Intercâmbio virtual entre agricultoresdo
semi-árido da Bahia e da Índia
7ª VideoconferênciaCafarnaum - BA
Data: 08/08/2009
Tema: Sistemas Integrado de Produção

7ª Video Conferencia de Cafarnaum - BA - Parte 02

Intercâmbio virtual entre agricultores
do semi-árido da Bahia e da Índia
7ª Videoconferência Cafarnaum - BA - 08/08/2009
Tema: Sistemas Integrado de Produção

O sisal

O Sisal no Campo do Sr. Airo Souza Gois
Lagadiço de Cafarnaum - BA.

The Agave
Agave in the property of Mr. Airo Souza Gois
Lagadiço Community - Cafarnaum - Bahia - Brazil



Translation of the video
My name is Airo Souza Gois, I am a policulture farmer, I live in the municipality of Cafarnaum. I was born and raised in Cafarnaum. I have been a policulture farmer since 5 years ago. Here is my property, where the agave is planted. This agave is about 2 years old. This agave is for sandy soil. It grows in any soil, but in sandy soil it develops much better. The agave is also good for animals such as cows and also for bees in our region. It is very useful in the semi-arid. It can also be used to cover the soil. This is a sustainable way we have nowadays. Here, between rows we plant 2,20 meters and between plants, about 1 meter. This agave is not very beautiful because this year, it rained very little here. When it rains about 400 millimeters in a year, the agave becomes very beautiful. Next year, we will probably cut (harvest) part of it to extract the fibers and sell.

Impactos dos agrotóxicos nas lavouras do sertão

O agricultor Osmar Ramos de Souza testemunha os impactos negativos no plantio de feijão provocados pelo uso intensivo de agrotóxicos nas lavouras de tomate da região de Cafarnaum, no centro-norte da Bahia.

Impacts of pesticides on the crops

The farmer Osmar Ramos de Souza testifies about the negative impacts on beans crops caused by intensive use of pesticides in tomato crops in the region of Cafarnaum, Bahia, Brazil.



Translation of the video
Title: Impacts of pesticides in the countryside crops: Osmar Ramos’ statement – Cafarnaum, July 2009.
Good morning! My name is Osmar. I’m a farmer and I practice policulture. I live in a community called Lapa Cercada, in the municipality of Cafarnaum, but I work in a community called Barauna. We have been noticing the difficulties in this region. After the tomato crops started, in the rainy season, when the rain “prepares” itself, it prepares in the North and West. The wind shows when the rain will come. The wind blows from there and the pesticide odor accompanies it. When we plant beans here, the plague spreads out. In the past, two good rains we had beans for all year long. But nowadays, the changes that have been happening… the tomato and other “irrigation”… when the rain forms and the wind blows, the pesticide odor comes with it. I have planted beans some times and when we notice, the pesticide is all over and there is no chance to save the crop. Only God knows the way we can live in this Northeast!

6ª Vídeoconferencia de Cafarnaum - Ba - Parte 1

Intercâmbio virtual entre agricultores
do semi-árido da Bahia e da Índia
6ª Videoconferência
Cafarnaum - BA , 11/07/2009
Tema: Uso da água no semi-árido

6ª Vídeoconferencia de Cafarnaum - Ba - Parte 2

Intercâmbio virtual entre agricultores
do semi-árido da Bahia e da Índia
6ª Videoconferência
Cafarnaum - BA, 11/07/2009
Tema: Uso da água no semi-árido

7ª Videoconferência Umburanas - BA 10/07/2009 Parte 02

Projeto Sertão.Net

Intercâmbio virtual entre agricultores
do semiárido da Bahia e da Índia

7ª Videoconferência
Umburanas - BA
10/07/2009

Tema:
Uso da água no semiárido

INSTITUTO DE PERMACULTURA DA BAHIA e OI FUTURO

7ª Videoconferência Umburanas - BA Parte 01

Projeto Sertão.Net

Intercâmbio virtual entre agricultores
do semiárido da Bahia e da Índia

7ª Videoconferência
Umburanas - BA
10/07/2009

Tema:
Uso da água no semiárido

INSTITUTO DE PERMACULTURA DA BAHIA e OI FUTURO

Irrigação com vasos de detergente

Irrigation reusing detergent bottles

Sidney (one of the farmers from Cafarnaum) Presents: A simple way to irrigate.

Materials you need: plastic bottles (detergent in this example), pipes, "T" pipe for connection, etc.

How to build the irrigation system: you will see in the following images.

Picture 3 shows the 4 plastic bottles, the pipes and the "T" connections that will be used.

Picture 4: cut pieces with 40 cm of a 20-inch pipe

Picture 6: introduce a 10cm pipe in each "T" connection and each 40cm pipe in each T

Picture 8: introduce each 10cm pipe in each bottle

Picture 10: introduce some 40cm wood sticks in the soil

Picture 11: tie the "system" to the sticks

Picture 13: connect a pipe or a rubber hose (water source) to the system. Let the water flow into the system turning the faucet.

Picture 15: use a needle to bore small holes in the plastic bottle (in the side you wish to irrigate)

Picture 20: when it is wet, you can start marking the area you will have your horticulture

Cisternas garantem água para consumo o ano inteiro

Cisterns warrant water for human consumption all year long

Este vídeo realizado pelos técnicos agrícolas Marcos Xirle e Ariel Reis, que participam do projeto Sertão.Net, foi filmado no povoado de Caldeirão, município de Mulungu do Morro (BA). Agradecemos às famílias dos agricultores que permitiram a filmagem.

This video was mad by the agriculture technicians Marcos Xirle and Ariel Reis, who participate on Projeto Sertão.Net. It was recorded in the village of Caldeirão, municipality of Mulungu do Morro, Bahia, Brazil. We thank the families that allowed us to produce this video.

THE VIDEO IS IN PORTUGUESE. A SIMILAR EXPLANATION ON HOW TO BUILD A CISTERN CAN BE FOUND IN http://blogs.mcc.org/vep/joelkreh/index.php?title=construction_of_a_cistern&more=1&c=1&tb=1&pb=1

Cisternas
A cisterna é uma tecnologia popular para a captação de água da chuva e representa uma solução de acesso a recursos hídricos para a população rural do semi-árido brasileiro. Elas são destinadas à população rural de baixa renda que sofre com os efeitos das secas prolongadas, que chegam a durar oito meses do ano. Nesse período, o acesso à água normalmente ocorre por meio de barreiros, açudes e poços que ficam a grandes distâncias e possuem água de baixa ou baixíssima qualidade, provocando várias doenças e enfermidades nas populações que se vêem obrigadas a consumir água proveniente dessas fontes. (texto do site da Articulação do Semiárido Brasileiro - ASA - http://www.asabrasil.org.br/ ).

No semiárido brasileiro, o Programa 1 milhão de Cisternas, realizado pelo governo federal em parceria com a ASA e com convênios com governos estaduais e municipais, vem apoiando a construção de cisternas para famílias de baixa renda, realizando a mobilização e a capacitação delas para gerir recursos hídricos e promovendo sua formação para a convivência com o semiárido.

Cisterns

The cistern is a popular technology for rainwater collection and represents a solution for water resources access to the rural population of Brazilian semi-arid region. They are made for the rural low income population that suffers with the effects of the long droughts, that last up to eight months. In this period the access to water is through wells that are far from the houses and the water quality is very poor many times, causing diseases to people. (texto from Articulação do Semiárido Brasileiro - ASA - http://www.asabrasil.org.br/ ).

In Brazilian Semi-arid region, the program 1 million of cisterns, run by the federal government in partnership with ASA and contracts with state and municipal governments, has supported the construction of cisterns to low-income families, mobilizing and training the families in order to manage water sources and promoting their training for living in the semi-arid. (Ministry of Social Development - MDS)

4ª Videoconferência Umburanas - BA (Parte 01)

Projeto Sertão.Net

Intercâmbio virtual entre agricultores
do semiárido da Bahia e da Índia

4ª Videoconferência
Umburanas - BA (Parte 01)
24/04/2009

INSTITUTO DE PERMACULTURA DA BAHIA e Oi FUTURO

4ª Videoconferência Umburanas - BA (Parte - 02 Final)

Projeto Sertão.Net

Intercâmbio virtual entre agricultores
do semiárido da Bahia e da Índia

4ª Videoconferência
Umburanas - BA (Parte - 02 Final)
24/04/2009

INSTITUTO DE PERMACULTURA DA BAHIA e Oi FUTURO

6ª Videoconferência Umburanas - BA (Parte 01)

Projeto Sertão.Net

Intercâmbio virtual entre agricultores
do semiárido da Bahia e da Índia

6ª Videoconferência
Umburanas - BA (Parte 01)
12/06/2009

INSTITUTO DE PERMACULTURA DA BAHIA e Oi FUTURO

6ª Videoconferência Umburanas - BA (Parte - 02)

Projeto Sertão.Net

Intercâmbio virtual entre agricultores
do semiárido da Bahia e da Índia

6ª Videoconferência
Umburanas - BA (Parte - 02)
12/06/2009

INSTITUTO DE PERMACULTURA DA BAHIA e Oi FUTURO

6ª Videoconferência Umburanas - BA (Parte 03)

Projeto Sertão.Net

Intercâmbio virtual entre agricultores
do semiárido da Bahia e da Índia

6ª Videoconferência
Umburanas - BA (Parte 03)
12/06/2009

INSTITUTO DE PERMACULTURA DA BAHIA e Oi FUTURO

6ª Videoconferência Umburanas Parte 4 Final

Projeto Sertão.Net

Intercâmbio virtual entre agricultores
do semiárido da Bahia e da Índia

6ª Videoconferência
Umburanas - BA (Parte - 04 Final)
12/06/2009

INSTITUTO DE PERMACULTURA DA BAHIA e Oi FUTURO

5ª Videoconferencia de Cafarnaum - BA. (Parte 1)

5ª Videoconferencia de Cafarnaum - BA. (Parte 2)

Campo de palma na recuperação do solo

Opuntia in Soil Recovery


Filmado por Marcos Xirle
Povoado de Lagoa de Agostinho
Municipio de Cafarnaum - Ba

Recorded by Marcos Xirle
Village of Lagoa de Agostinho
Municipality of Cafarnaum - Bahia

Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill. - FIGO-DA-ÍNDIA

Nome científico: Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill.

Família: Cactaceae.

Sinônimos botânicos: Cactus chinensis Roxb., Cactus decumanus Willd., Cactus ficus-indica L., Opuntia chinensis K. Koch, Opuntia decumana (Willd.) Haw., Opuntia megacantha Salm-Dyck.

Outros nomes populares: cacto, figueira-da-barbária, figueira-da-índia, figueira-do-diabo, figueira-do-inferno, palma-forrageira, palma, tuna. Mission cactus e yellow tuna (inglês), tuna de campo (espanhol), figue de barbarie e nopal (francês), ficodindia (italiano).

Constituintes químicos: carboidratos, proteínas, vitaminas A, B1 e B12; a polpa dos frutos contém 47% de água, 37% de substâncias glicogênicas, 7% de proteínas, 6% de sementes, 0,8% de cinzas, 0,02% de lipídeos, substâncias pécticas, sacarínicas, nitrogenadas solúveis e insolúveis e gomosas; os artículos contém glicosídeos, gomas, sais solúveis, albuminóides, resinas.

Propriedades medicinais: adstringente, antiasmática, antidiarréica, antiescorbútico, antiprostática, anti-reumático, antitussígena, cardiotônica, colagoga, digestiva, diurética, emoliente, estimulante medular, hidratante, hipoglicêmica, maturativa, mucilaginosa, sedativa, vermífuga.

Indicações: afecção das vias respiratórias, angina, asma, circulação, coqueluche, diabete, diarréia, disenteria, doença cardíaca, dor reumática, febre gástrica biliosa, fígado, limpeza de pele, tônica para pele seca, tosse, tumor benigno da próstata, úlcera, vermes.

Parte utilizada: frutos, artículos.

Contra-indicações/cuidados: não encontrados na literatura consultada.

Modo de usar:
- infusão: 1 colher das de sopa de flores em ¼ de litro de água quente. Abafar. Aguardar esfriar, adoçar com mel. Tomar 2 xícaras ao dia. Utilizar o mesmo também para tratamento da pele.
- cladódios na forma de cataplasmas: maturativo, emoliente, hidratante.

Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill. - INDIAN FIG

Scientific Name: Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill.

Family: Cactaceae.

Botanic Synonyms: Cactus chinensis Roxb., Cactus decumanus Willd., Cactus ficus-indica L., Opuntia chinensis K. Koch, Opuntia decumana (Willd.) Haw., Opuntia megacantha Salm-Dyck.

Other popular names: Mission cactus and yellow tuna.

Chemical properties: carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins A, B1 e B12; fruit pulp has 47% of water, 37% of glicogenic substances, 7% of proteins, 6% of seeds, 0,8% of ashes, 0,02% of lipídeos, peptic substances.

Medical properties: astringent, anti-asthmatic, anti-diarrheic, anti-scorbutic, anti-prostatic, anti-rheumatic, digestive, diuretic, hydractive.

Indications: asthma, blood system, diabetis, diarrhea, liver, clean skin.

Caution: not found in the literature.

How to use:
- infusion: 1 spoon of flowers in 250ml of hot water. Wait until it gets cool and add honey. Drink 2 cups a day. Also used for skin treatment.

5ª Videoconferência Umburanas-BA

5th Video-conference in Umburanas - Bahia



5ª Videoconferência em Umburanas - BA.
08 de Março de 2009.
Ponto de Apoio Instituto Permacultura da Bahia.

Joaria Bispo.

2º FESTIVAL DA JUVENTUDE EM QUIXADÁ,CE

SEGUNDO FESTIVAL DA JUVENTUDE, DE 30 DE ABRIL A 03 DE MAIO EM QUIXADÁ, CE.

SECOND YOUTH FESTIVAL, April 30th - May 3rd, in QUIXADÁ, STATE OF CEARÁ.

(English below)

DESENVOLVIMENTO JUVENIL NO NORDESTE.

Chegamos dia 29 de abril. Como o evento não tinha começado ainda, conhecemos um pouco da cidade onde seria realizado o festival. Andamos nos comércios e no teatro, onde tem filmes da cidade e de personagens locais. Assistimos o filme “profetas da chuva”, que é um documentário de alguns agricultores falando de experiências com a chuva. Como por exemplo de que maneira eles previam se naquele ano teria chuva, baseado em elementos da natureza, como formigueiros,cupinzeiros, sinais no céu e nas plantas.
Achei muito interessante e fiquei muito emocionado, pois agricultores “ignorantes” são capazes de viver um personagem que na verdade era tudo muito real.
Imaginei quantos filmes podemos fazer com tudo isso que temos (personagens, elementos, equipamentos e muita criatividade).
O evento teve várias câmaras temáticas. Participei de uma cujo tema foi juventude e meio ambiente, onde um representante de cada estado comentava sobre a realidade de cada um, para no final, em uma praça lotada de jovens, socializar com todos participantes do evento.
Aproveitei o momento para falar das nossas experiências na área; o que estamos fazendo, para que estamos fazendo, nossas dificuldades, sem esquecer das potencialidades que temos aqui na Bahia e em toda a região nordeste.
Achei interessante quando um jovem de Pernambuco falou que é sozinho com a mãe e sentia vergonha de ser agricultor e hoje sente orgulho de ser trabalhador rural. Ele disse ter começado com pequenas hortas e conseguiu comprar materiais e pagar estudos com essas hortas. Fiquei muito feliz por ver que tem muita gente que luta por um mundo mais justo e um meio ambiente mais saudável. Muitos jovens estavam ali defendendo e levando novas propostas inovadoras.

YOUTH DEVELOPMENT IN THE NORTHEAST

We arrive on April 29th. Since the event hadn't started yet, we walk around the city where the festival would take place. We saw stores and the theater, where city movies and local characters are shown. We watched the movie "Rain Prophets", a documentary on some farmers talking about experiences related to the rain. For example, the way they could predict that no rain would fall in a certain day, based on nature elements such as anthill, white anthill, signs in the sky and the plants.

I thought that was very interesting and got touched, because farmers who did not attend school could play a role and, to tell the truth, everything was very real. I wondered the amount of movies we can make will everything we have (characters, elements, equipments and a lot of creativity).

I thought it was interesting when a young guy from Pernambuco said he lived only with his mother and was ashamed of being a farmer before. But nowadays, he is proud of being a rural worker. He said he started with horticulture (in a small plot), was able to buy equipment, supplies and even pay his school with the income. I was very happy to see that there are many people struggling for a fair world and a heatlhier environment. Many young people were there supporting and coming up with new innovative proposals.

Sertão.Net presente no 2º Festival da Juventude Nordestina

Juscerlando Martins e Joaria Gama, jovens do semi-árido baiano representaram o projeto Sertão.Net mostrando suas atividades para jovens de todo o Nordeste durante o 2° Festival da Juventude Nordestina, que aconteceu entre 30 de abril e 3 de maio em Quixadá, Ceará.

Sertão.Net was present in the 22nd Northeastern Youth Festival (in Brazil)

Juscerlando Martins and Joaria Gama, two young participants of Sertão.Net from Bahian semi-arid represented the project showing their activities during the 2nd Northeatern Youth Festival, that took place between April 30th and May 3rd in the city of Quixadá, in the state of Ceará.

As mil e uma utilidades do Mandacaru

O mandacaru (Cereus Jamacaru) é uma das espécies mais características do sertão do nordeste brasileiro. É um cactus que pode atingir 3 metros de altura e seu tronco pode fornecer madeira de até 30 cm.
Seu fruto é bastante consumido no campo, embora ainda seja relativamente desconhecido nos centros urbanos. Segundo pesquisadores da Universidade Federal da Paraíba, tem cerca de 5% de proteína e sua composição nutricional o torna uma alternativa alimentar muito saudável.
Ele também é usado para alimentar os animais, após a retirada dos espinhos.

A Thousand and One Utilities of "Mandacaru"
Pleated Cereus (Cereus Jamacaru), know as "mandacaru" in Brazil, is one of the feature species in Brazilian Northeast. It is a cactus that can reach up to 3 meters tall and its trunk can supply up to 30 cm of wood.
It's fruit is quite consummed in the countryside, although it is quite unknown in the cities. According to researchers from Federal University of Paraíba, it has about 5% of protein and its nutritional facts makes it a healthy food alternative.
It is also used to feed animals, after removing its thorns.

Video text below

This is the fodder house. We will show how we mill "mandacaru". (It is an easy plant to mantain in the land, since the animal don't eat it because of its thorns.) It has lots of protein. The cattle like to eat it. We remove the thorns, mill in the machine and mix with something else (corn, other grains) to produce fodder for the animals.

3a Videoconferência - Cafarnaum - Parte 2

3rd video-conference - Cafarnaum - Part 2

Patricia (Project coordinator – wearing a green t-shirt): This farmer has been working with them (Power) for 10 years. He has 5 acres of land and has a lot of experience in the semi-arid.

Mr. Siddu (staff of Power – Indian NGO): He asked about the season, when you start sowing. And what kind of crops do you grow.

Elisangela (farmer – wearing a blue blouse): Corn, beans, castor, sorghum…

Alan (translator – wearing a green t-shirt): This is custered apple’s seeds.

Antonio (farmer – wearing a white polo shirt): We are explaining how we store the seeds in our community. This seed can be the target for many insects. One way is to use chemical products, but this is not good for human health. So, re-using these bottles that would be rejected and pollute our environment, we re-use it to store the seeds. Mr. Osmar (farmer – wearing a green shirt and hat) is showing other soda bottles with seeds. You have to fill the bottle with seeds and tap it tightly. The science is here. You have to tap very tightly.

Airo (farmer – wearing a yellow/green shirt): The technique to take out the air is the key. Once you took out all the air, no insects will attack.

Ariel (technician at IPB, Brazilian NGO – green t-shirt): Besides the plastic bottles, farmers also use 200 liters recipients made of plastic or zinc. When there is not enough seed to fill the recipient, they use the candle technique. They put all the seeds that have to be stored inside the recipient, then light a candle inside it as well and finally close it. When the fire of the candle consumes all the oxygen inside the recipient, the problem of insects attacks is solved, since there is no oxygen for their survival. The candle stays inside the recipient. If you try to take it out, oxygen will go in again, which is not desired. So, the candle stays there.

Jurandir (farmer – white t-shirt) shows the process used in order to fill the bottles with the least air possible inside. You have to fill the bottle a little with seeds and beat it in any surface, then put some more and beat again, and again, until it is completely filled out. Then you tap it tightly.

Patricia: He said that the government sometimes provide certified seeds. The government pays 75% of the cost and the farmers have to pay 25%. This is only for small farmers. For those who have up to 5 acres of land.

3ª Videoconferência - Cafarnaum - Parte 1

3rd video-conference - Cafarnaum - Part 1

Patricia (Project coordinator – wearing a green t-shirt): Today’s theme is commercialization.

Patricia: The central Indian government fixes the prices of the season’s products. They also different federations that sell different products. In that season’s harvest, the government establishes the price for those products. Each federation specializes itself in a product or a group of products. It’s like Marcos mentioned in the case of Coopaf, that it is becoming more specialized in the commerce of oil seeds.

Patricia: They harvest peanuts, corn, onion, aubergine, ladies’ fingers…

Alan (translator – wearing a green t-shirt): They have a federation and, the main difference to us is that they government establishes the prices.

Marcos (technician from a cooperative – wearing a whit t-shirt): I would like to know if the farmers are subsidized. Whether the governments help the farmers or not. Because there has been a proposal here, not a government’s proposal, but farmers’. The proposal was that the government should invest in the small farmer with a condition. If the small farmer produces well, s/he has the obligation of selling the production to the government in order to produce biofuels. On the other hand, if he had a bad harvest, as it happened this year, s/he would be subsidized with the amount he borrowed to plant. I would like to know whether this process happens there.

Patricia: The kind of the subsidize they have is through seed distribution. They have branches of the State Agriculture Department spread all over. These branches take care of the seed distribution. But they have also explained before that if the farmers lose their harvest, the government pays “the day” for the farmers, a kind of insurance. It is quite little money, but at least they can sustain themselves.

Alan: Mr. Siddu (staff of Power – Indian NGO) reminds us that “the day”, paid by the government, happens during the off-season.

Marcos: In our region, the farmer only plant once a year. S/he plants in November with the prevision of harvesting in February. If s/he loses the harvest completely, EBDA (kind of State Agriculture Department) agents visit the farmer`s property and if it is seen that the production lost was more than 90%, the farmer receives the money of harvest insurance. The farmers receives a total of about US$ 240,00 divided in 5 monthly installments.

Marcos: In order to be insured, the person has to prove s/he is a small farmer. He applies, filling out a form. If s/he is approved, he can opt for being insured. S/he pays an unique fee of about US$ 2,40 for the year s/he wants to be insured. The municipality pays, for each farmer, a fee of about US$ 7,20.

Alan: He was explaining that there is a small bank, a medium bank (in the regional level) and a large bank (in the national level).

Patricia: It is a bank like a credit cooperative that lends to the farmers. The Directory of this credit cooperative (bank) is elected by the farmers. They define the credit policies, how it should be or not. Each season, the farmer pays between 30 and 40 rupies (about US$ 0,90) for each product they plant. Sorghum, for example, for each acre of land planted with sorghum, the farmer will pay 40 rupies. If the harvest is lost, they receive about US$ 17,40 per acre.

Alan: Mr. Siddu said he will invite one of the two senior farmers that are participating on the conference today.

Agricultor indiano mostra diversidade em seu quintal

O agricultor Jayappa, do vilarejo de Dasaiahanadoddi, próximo de Bangalore, no sul da Índia, é um exemplo de policultor, que cultiva centenas de espécies medicinais, frutíferas, leguminosas e lenhosas, em seu quintal. Ele também mantém um minhocário, caixas de abelhas nativas e viveiros com centenas de mudas.

Em parceria com a natureza

A natureza é rica e abundante.

Policultor Chico mostra com muito orgulho campo de policultura,área que antes das práticas do projeto estava sendo tomada pela erosão.

The nature is rich and abundant.

"Policulturer" (Farmer who practices the policulture) Chico shows his policulture field very proudly. Before the practices of the project (Policultura no Semi-Árido), the area was being taken by the erosion.

Francisco em seu campo